Which of the following is a potential problem caused by water hammer?

Water hammer is a phenomenon that occurs when there is a sudden change in the flow of water within pipes, typically caused by a rapid valve closure or change in flow direction. This sudden stop can create a shock wave that travels through the water, creating a loud banging noise and leading to significant pressure fluctuations.

The option that identifies a potential problem caused by water hammer is accurate because the shock wave generated can exert excessive pressure on the hoseline or the pumper. This can lead to physical damage, including ruptured hoses, broken fittings, or even damage to the pump itself. The infrastructure must be designed and rated to withstand the pressures created during such events, and failure to do so can result in costly repairs and safety hazards.

While increased flow rate, improved pressure, and extended range of reach might seem advantageous in some firefighting contexts, they do not directly relate to the potential problems caused by water hammer. Instead, they may occur under different circumstances that do not involve the abrupt transitions in water flow that define water hammer incidents.